Manner Dwelling Invitations the U.S. to View Its Homelessness Disaster up Shut

By Will James, Harvard Public Well being

This text initially appeared in Harvard Public Well being journal. Subscribe to their e-newsletter.

The information that homelessness in america set one other report in 2024 landed in Seattle with muted resignation. This area marked its personal bleak milestone final yr: 16,000 individuals dwelling on the streets and in shelters on one evening, the best ever recorded, in keeping with a countywide estimate.

The figures are topic to shifting methodologies and variations in climate. However they present a transparent, worsening development, together with in one in all America’s most progressive cities. The visibility and intractability of individuals dwelling on the streets have dominated civic life in Seattle for a decade, mixing with rage over petty crime and despair over housing prices—a set of overlapping crises that politics has appeared powerless to vary.

In Manner Dwelling: Journeys By way of Homelessness, writer Josephine Ensign acknowledges the “palpable mixture of compassion and frustration” with which many in Seattle and throughout the U.S. have watched this contemporary period of homelessness unfold. She acknowledges that almost all readers encounter homelessness from a distance—glimpses into alleys, glances on the bus, flashes of colour signifying tents threaded into city greenways. These can elicit overpowering emotion however depart a void of knowledge with which to course of it.

Ensign, a nurse and educational, goals to fill this void with 300 pages detailing the lives of individuals on Seattle’s streets and years of makes an attempt by policymakers to change their circumstances. The town, fourth within the U.S. behind New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago within the variety of individuals with out steady housing, has earned its standing as a microcosm of American homelessness. Enchanted by Seattle’s liberal beliefs when she moved there many years in the past, Ensign poses a problem to this identification: “How do we reconcile the fact that Seattle is both a progressive, hopeful city and a place in which homelessness is such a large, growing, and deeply entrenched problem?”

We see how life on Seattle’s streets corrodes the physique and thoughts by unrelenting displacement, hazard, and exclusion by mainstream society.

Maybe no story in Manner Dwelling tackles this query extra immediately than that of Lisa Vach and Travis Berge, a pair whose lives led to a spasm of violence at some extent the place town’s homelessness disaster converged with its custom of radical activism. As Ensign stitches collectively their tales by interviews and public information, it’s not possible to disregard the extent to which Berge conformed to the least beneficiant stereotypes of unsheltered individuals. A one-time avenue musician, his methamphetamine use, surprising conduct, and frequent arrests had made him a fixture of TV information protection. Vach had labored low-paying jobs round Seattle, together with within the present store of a tour firm, however by the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 was unemployed and staying in a downtown shelter.

Like many Seattleites dwelling on the streets that summer season, they gravitated to an encampment within the Capitol Hill neighborhood, the place activists had been protesting police violence. Mutual help and safety volunteers struggled to satisfy the pair’s advanced wants. Berge’s meth use despatched him into “violent rampages.” His abusive relationship with Vach was marked by “frequent and escalating physical fights.”

Their spiral culminated within the fall, as protests light and the couple stayed within the scattered remnants of the encampment. Berge murdered Vach there, then drowned in a close-by tank crammed with bleach resolution throughout a standoff with police. (It’s not clear whether or not he died by suicide or accident.) The story leaves readers awed at how the couple’s private challenges, the evaporation of inexpensive housing, the pandemic’s upheaval, and the confusion of the protests compounded to supply this diploma of horror.

The distinction between Seattle’s professed beliefs and the struggling on its streets reappears and grows extra difficult all through Manner Dwelling. The town was among the many first within the nation to embrace “Housing First,” a philosophy of transferring chronically homeless individuals into everlasting houses earlier than addressing their psychological sickness or substance use. It was additionally among the many first to supply secure, authorized parking areas for individuals dwelling of their autos.

However, we study Seattle has extra ordinances that criminalize dwelling in autos than wherever else in Washington state. And {that a} 1996 legislation concentrating on teenage runaways and college truants made Washington the nation’s main jailer of youngsters. We see how life on Seattle’s streets corrodes the physique and thoughts by unrelenting displacement, hazard, and exclusion by mainstream society.

Take the case of John T. Williams, a First Nations Ditidaht woodcarver whose grandfather moved to Seattle in 1900. Williams spent many years on town’s streets. By 50, he was limping, partially blind, and deaf in a single ear from the results of dwelling outdoor and heavy ingesting. In 2010, Williams was dwelling in a backed residence the place his alcoholism wasn’t disqualifying, due to the Housing First coverage. Sooner or later, he met along with his brothers in a park and agreed to return to Canada with them. After stopping at his residence, he was returning to the park when a police officer shot him useless in an intersection. The officer, alarmed by a knife Williams was utilizing to form a bit of cedar into an eagle determine, had shouted a warning that Williams seemingly couldn’t hear.

Homelessness defies most makes an attempt to include its complexity. Virtually nobody can maintain all of it, the way in which it braids macroeconomic forces with the vicissitudes of an individual’s life. Ensign—outfitted with many years of expertise as a nurse who has labored with homeless individuals, well-honed expertise as an instructional researcher, and the reminiscence of her personal homelessness throughout a number of months in her youth—has the attitude to information us.

But when she has concepts that might assist us discover patterns within the tales she collects—and from them, establish higher options—she retains them principally to herself. Manner Dwelling guarantees to point out how the Seattle space’s “innovative local solutions can be scaled up nationally.” However in Ensign’s telling, town seems to be much less like a nationwide mannequin and extra like a case research of how well-intentioned efforts are undermined by one thing that floats simply past our notion.

How can we make sense of the intractability of homelessness in a metropolis that professes to care a lot? Ensign factors out that conservatives have an emotionally satisfying reply: Progressivism itself is the wrongdoer. However the tales in Manner Dwelling trace at an alternate: an American reflex to punish, keep away from, and exclude that overwhelms any countervailing perfect.

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