Taranaki Maunga, New Zealand Mountain, Declared a ‘Legal Person’

By Kristine Sabillo

New Zealand has formally granted a mountain authorized personhood for the primary time, recognizing not solely its significance to Māori tribes but in addition paving the way in which for its future environmental safety.

The regulation, handed in January, notes that the mountain, situated in Taranaki on New Zealand’s North Island, might be referred to as by its Māori title Taranaki Maunga (maunga that means mountain) as a substitute of its colonial title Mount Egmont. Egmont Nationwide Park might be referred to as Te Papa-Kura-o-Taranaki. The regulation additionally acknowledges Taranaki Maunga and the encircling peaks as a authorized particular person named “Te Kāhui Tupua,” with “all the rights, powers, duties, responsibilities, and liabilities of a legal person.”

New Zealand over the previous decade has granted authorized personhood to a rainforest and a river in addition to whales and dolphins.

Environmental and ecological economist Viktoria Kahui from the College of Otago, New Zealand, advised Mongabay by e-mail that different mountains globally have acquired particular authorized standing: Mauna Kea in Hawaii has been awarded stewardship authority and Mount Zizuma in Colombia was declared a sacred web site. Each designations acknowledge the mountains’ cultural significance to Indigenous communities. However that isn’t the identical as being granted authorized personhood, Kahui stated.

The Māori in Taranaki think about Taranaki Maunga to be their ancestor, “a source of physical, cultural, and spiritual sustenance, and a final resting place.” Within the nineteenth century, the British Crown bought and even confiscated land in Taranaki with out the consent or regardless of the objections of Māori leaders. The Māori individuals, whose conventional practices have been banned in some areas, have since tried to reclaim and reconnect with their ancestral land.

Kahui stated the regulation is “a real testament to Māori in Taranaki who resisted and struggled against the wrongdoing of the Crown for well over [a] hundred years.”

Apart from offering a “blueprint” on how environmental safety may be achieved by empowering Indigenous communities, she stated it “acknowledges the special relationship between the Indigenous people of Taranaki and the Maunga.”

The mountain’s authorized character Te Kāhui Tupua, whereas technically nonhuman, is just like how a company may be thought-about a authorized particular person. Though such authorized individuals can personal property, enter contracts and sue, “they do not have the same rights as human beings,” Kahui stated.

The invoice additionally states {that a} authorized entity named Te Tōpuni Kōkōrangi, composed of 4 members of native Māori iwi (tribes) and 4 minister of conservation-appointed people, will act on behalf of Te Kāhui Tupua.

Via the members, the mountain “has a voice” and its pursuits are legally represented, Kahui stated. “That’s unique.”

Kahui stated that with biodiversity loss globally, largely because of financial stress on the surroundings, the idea of environmental authorized personhood has enabled Indigenous tribes and native communities in international locations akin to New Zealand and Colombia to have better decision-making powers by way of environmental safety.

Banner picture of Taranaki Maunga by Robin van Mourik through Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)

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Beforehand Revealed on information.mongabay with Inventive Commons Attribution

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