Thousands and thousands of Livestock Die Every 12 months Whereas Being Transported. These Instances Are Hardly ever Investigated by the USDA.

By Madison Holcomb, for Examine Midwest, Examine Midwest

On Aug. 22, 2024, a semi-trailer truck owned by Demaree Trucking, LLC, was hit by one other semi on Interstate 57 in japanese Illinois, inflicting the truck and its cargo of 67 cows to flip over onto the freeway shoulder. Twenty of the cows on board had been killed, whereas one other 20 acquired unfastened, scattering throughout the freeway and close by fields, in response to information from the Illinois State Police and the Tuscola Hearth Division.

A number of minutes later, one of many stray cows was hit and killed by one other truck.

A month later, Individuals for the Moral Therapy of Animals, the animal rights nonprofit, put up a billboard close to the positioning of the wreck. “I’m ME, not meat,” learn PETA’s billboard, decrying the carnage and harmful circumstances animals can face whereas being transported.

Legislation enforcement didn’t discover the cattle-carrying truck at fault, however in response to police information, the truck that hit it drove away earlier than state police arrived on the scene.

The cows killed within the Tuscola incident had been simply a few of the thousands and thousands of livestock killed in 2024 whereas being transported.

Final yr, round 20.3 million animals died — 19.8 million of the deaths had been chickens — on the best way to a slaughterhouse, in response to Examine Midwest’s evaluation of U.S. Division of Agriculture slaughter figures. Past accidents, lots of the deaths had been brought on by lethal circumstances contained in the trailers. USDA information additionally present greater than 800,000 hogs might not stroll upon arriving at a slaughterhouse.

Federal legal guidelines require animals to be unloaded at numerous occasions for relaxation and water, however an Examine Midwest evaluation discovered that the USDA hardly ever investigates suspected violators.

Efforts to strengthen the legal guidelines have additionally been unsuccessful.

“Not only do lax federal regulations on farm animal transportation create inhumane and cruel conditions, but these inefficiencies in the law are also causing many animals to succumb to disease and injury during these long journeys, which can be passed on to humans,” mentioned U.S. Rep. Dina Titus, a Nevada Democrat who launched a invoice final yr to extend the enforcement of present animal welfare legal guidelines.

wcia animaltranspo3 1 Overhead views of the footage present one cow making its manner via a corn discipline on Aug. 22, 2024 after a semi-truck hauling animals rolled over on I-57 close to Tuscola, Illinois. photograph offered by WCIA.

The invoice was referred to the Home Agriculture Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry in 2024. No additional motion has been taken.

Animal welfare advocates blame lots of the deaths and accidents on a system of weak legal guidelines and poor regulatory oversight, particularly in comparison with different Western international locations, together with Canada and Australia. In some instances, truckers are exempt from drive-time legal guidelines if they’re hauling livestock.

“Part of the reason why animals are treated so poorly is because it’s more economical to do it that way,” mentioned Adrienne Craig, a senior coverage affiliate and workers lawyer on the Animal Welfare Institute, a nonprofit advocating for improved journey circumstances.

The one federal legislation governing the interstate transportation of livestock is the Twenty-Eight Hour Legislation, which states animals should be unloaded for a minimum of 5 hours to be fed, watered and rested if the journey takes greater than 28 consecutive hours.

The Twenty-Eight Hour Legislation was first enacted in 1873 when rail vehicles had been the first technique of transportation for livestock. Few adjustments have been made to the legislation since. The USDA decided in 2006 that the legislation utilized to vehicles, however solely after intense strain from animal rights organizations.

Between 2006 and 2023, the USDA performed simply 19 investigations into attainable violations, in response to public information obtained and shared by the Animal Welfare Institute.

Craig mentioned any kind of distance traveled can have various results on animals, particularly when there’s extended meals and water deprivation, crowding and excessive temperatures.

“The longer the journey, the longer the animals are exposed to stress, which weakens their immune systems,” Craig mentioned.

She added that harm charges peak for cattle when the journey exceeds 12 hours.

“If you have an animal that can’t balance for, you know, 18 hours on a truck and ends up falling, they can be trampled by other animals,” she mentioned.

wcia animaltranspo1 1 This photograph exhibits the aftermath of the Tuscola, Illinois crash, which pressured lane shutdowns for a number of hours on Aug. 22, 2024.
Simply 4 warnings lately over Twenty-Eighty Hour Legislation violations

Whereas it’s uncommon for the USDA to analyze suspected violators of the Twenty-Eight Hour Legislation, it’s even rarer for regulators to take motion towards a discovered violator.

Of the 19 Twenty-Eight Hour Legislation investigations the USDA performed over the past 17 years, 12 of these instances had been discovered to have violations. Nonetheless, simply 4 resulted in an official warning; the remainder had been both referred to a different company or decided that no motion may very well be taken because of the transport corporations being Canadian, in response to the USDA information.

Solely two USDA companies examine violations of the legislation: Animal and Plant Well being Inspection Service Veterinary Companies (APHIS VS) and USDA Meals Security and Inspection Service (FSIS).

FSIS inspectors are tasked with alerting veterinary providers if they think a legislation violation at a slaughterhouse. They’re supposed to observe for dehydrated or exhausted animals and ask the institution supervisor if the hauler complied with the legislation.

Veterinary Companies requires seals for worldwide truck shipments to find out if the animals had been unloaded throughout the journey.

Lyndsay Cole, APHIS assistant director of public affairs, declined to reply questions on whether or not the Twenty-Eight Hour Legislation is adequate at defending animal well being.

In an emailed assertion, Cole mentioned the USDA investigates alleged violations of the legislation after which offers the findings to the Division of Justice. The Lawyer Normal can search penalties for violators if it’s decided {that a} transporter knowingly and willingly violated the legislation.

The Division of Justice declined to reply questions regarding what number of violations have occurred and what penalties have been issued. Cole mentioned if the DOJ had been to concern a penalty, it could notify the USDA — however when requested what number of occasions the USDA has obtained such a notification, Cole mentioned that info isn’t tracked.

Livestock haulers are exempt from some legal guidelines

The Federal Motor Provider Security Administration units hours of service (HOS) guidelines that state the utmost period of time truck drivers are allowed to be on obligation and the quantity and size of relaxation intervals.

In response to the rules, property-carrying drivers might drive not more than 11 hours after 10 consecutive hours off obligation, and will not drive previous the 14th consecutive hour after approaching obligation.

Nonetheless, drivers hauling agricultural commodities, together with livestock, are exempt from a few of the guidelines. The exemptions embody livestock haulers inside 150 miles from the supply of the livestock, similar to a gross sales barn, and 150 miles from the place the livestock is to be delivered. This permits drivers to forgo utilizing an digital logging system or hold paper logs.

Zach Cahalan, government director of the Truck Security Coalition, which helps truck crash victims and advocates for truck security rules, believes the exemptions enhance driver fatigue.

“What we see is, ‘How can we short circuit the system to transport goods as cheaply as possible, and then foist the cost for that on state-level government, on victims of crashes; really anyone but us, so that more people get to buy goods cheaply, and we make more money?’ ” Cahalan mentioned.

wcia animaltranspo2 1 Overhead views of the footage present an individual using a horse after monitoring it down on Aug. 22, 2024 after a semi-truck hauling animals rolled over on I-57 close to Tuscola, Illinois. photograph offered by WCIA.

Cahalan believes that hours of service exemptions consequence from trade strain to maintain transport prices as little as attainable.

“One in five (trucks), statistically, should be placed out of service, meaning it’s unsafe to be on the road,” he mentioned, citing nationwide roadside inspection knowledge.

Jon Samson, government director of the agricultural and meals transporters convention on the American Trucking Associations, the biggest nationwide commerce affiliation for the trucking trade, mentioned he helps the present hours of service exemptions.

“The reason that got put in place is because agriculture revolves around inclement weather,” Samson mentioned. “Say a storm was coming in; sometimes it was necessary to run more hours than the current hours of service regulations allowed to get more products out of the field,” Samson mentioned.

Samson additionally believes the exemption prevents some animal loss by getting animals to their vacation spot faster and maximizing manufacturing.

“We need to continue to grow as much food as efficiently as we can in order to make sure that everybody continues to be fed,” Samson mentioned.

Animal welfare advocates level to Europe, Canada transportation legal guidelines

Of their push for stricter transportation legal guidelines, many animal welfare advocates level to the European Union, Canada and Australia as examples to observe.

Craig, with the Animal Welfare Institute, mentioned the European Meals Security Authority based mostly its really helpful animal transportation requirements on scientific research. The authority really helpful a restrict of 9 hours for animals being despatched on to slaughter, a 21-hour restrict for animals not being despatched to slaughter, and an eight-hour restrict for unweaned calves, lambs, youngsters, piglets, and foals. If the mode of transport is supplied with a feeding system, the utmost is 9 hours.

Craig mentioned lowering the utmost transport time for susceptible animals, similar to neonates, animals underneath 4 weeks previous, or weak or sick animals, must be a precedence.

“What would be even better, though, is comprehensive legislation that dealt with all aspects of transport, rather than just duration,” she mentioned.

Within the European Union, livestock transportation autos are required to have air flow programs and a steady provide of contemporary water. Resting and feeding intervals are decided by the animal’s age and species relatively than a common commonplace, like within the U.S. The EU additionally has stocking density rules for animal shipments, which stop animals from being too tightly packed right into a trailer.

Canada has complete humane animal transport rules which can be backed by “science-informed requirements,” in response to a 2022 Nationwide Institutes of Well being article on the nation’s rules. Canada’s rules embody a required contingency plan to scale back avoidable animal struggling and restrictions on overcrowding.

Craig mentioned she desires the U.S. to undertake health rules in order that animals will be evaluated for a way wholesome they’re earlier than they’re hauled.

“Beyond the distance that animals have to travel, one of the factors that is important in whether or not they’re going to make it to their destination is what conditions they are in when they’re put on the truck,” Craig mentioned.

This text first appeared on Examine Midwest and is republished right here underneath a Artistic Commons license. PARSELY = { autotrack: false, onload: perform() { PARSELY.beacon.trackPageView({ url: “https://investigatemidwest.org/2025/01/30/millions-of-livestock-die-each-year-while-being-transported-those-cases-are-rarely-investigated-by-the-usda/”, urlref: window.location.href }); } }

—

Examine Midwest is an impartial, nonprofit newsroom. Our mission is to serve the general public curiosity by exposing harmful and expensive practices of influential agricultural firms and establishments via in-depth and data-driven investigative journalism. Go to us on-line at www.investigatemidwest.org

Predominant Picture Photograph credit score: Drone footage exhibits the chase for unfastened cows and horses after a semi-truck hauling them rolled over on I-57 close to Tuscola on Aug. 24, 2024. photograph by WCIA through drone footage.

All different photos courtesy of Examine Midwest. Used with permission.

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