Trump’s Fertilizer Tariffs Might Disrupt US Crop Manufacturing, From Tomatoes to Corn

By Frida Garza, Grist

“This story was originally published by Grist. Sign up for Grist’s weekly newsletter here.”

Farming is a dangerous enterprise. Rising meals on the market has all the time been topic to unpredictable climate situations, shifts in worth, and the unfold of illness. As of final week, farmers in the US now additionally should take care of the second Trump administration’s tariffs.

On Tuesday, March 4, President Donald Trump levied a 25 % tariff on all items imported from Canada and Mexico, in addition to a ten % tariff on items from China. The information carried important implications for farmers who depend upon the plant nutrient potash, which the U.S. imports nearly solely from Canada.

However two days later, amid inventory market chaos and criticism from enterprise leaders, Trump exempted some items from the tax and lowered the tariff on non-exempt potash from 25 % to 10 %. Trump’s agriculture secretary, Brooke Rollins, hailed the decrease tax on potash as “a critical step in helping farmers manage and secure key input costs at the height of planting season while reinforcing long-term agricultural trade relations.” Though the transfer was meant to be conciliatory, farmers, agricultural researchers, and economists say that taxing fertilizer at any price is not going to solely enhance prices for U.S. growers, but in addition might result in a decline in U.S. soil well being.

Most commercially accessible fertilizers comprise a mixture of three important plant vitamins: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Potash refers back to the mined potassium compounds that go into standard fertilizer. Estimates differ, however the overwhelming majority of the potash used within the U.S. — not less than 85 % — comes from Canada.

Potassium helps water and vitamins transfer all through a plant, and it’s particularly necessary for crops with “large fruiting bodies,” stated Stephen Wooden, a senior scientist for agriculture and meals programs on the Nature Conservancy, an environmental nonprofit centered on land and water conservation. That features tomatoes, melons, grapes, peaches, and strawberries. It’s additionally crucial for the event of corn and soybeans, which signify roughly two-thirds of America’s commodity crops by acres planted, based on the newest Farm Service Company information accessible.

Within the U.S., corn makes use of greater than 2 million tons of potash a yr, based on information from the Financial Useful resource Service, a part of the U.S. Division of Agriculture. That’s a couple of half million tons greater than the quantity of potash utilized by soybean crops (round 1.6 million tons), and considerably greater than cotton and wheat crops (traditionally, underneath half one million tons). Which means U.S. corn growers are prone to be hardest hit by the tariff on potash.

“I think we’re going to see maybe some farmers thinking about, ‘Do I want to grow as much corn?’” stated Silvia Secchi, a professor and agricultural economist on the College of Iowa.

In response to the unique model of the tariffs, Kenneth Hartman Jr., the president of the Nationwide Corn Growers Affiliation, referred to as on the president to succeed in a commerce deal that might stability nationwide safety wants with the wants of farmers. In February, Senator Chuck Grassley wrote on X, previously Twitter, “I plead [with] President Trump to exempt potash from the tariff.” Grassley represents Iowa, which produces extra corn than another state within the nation.

Secchi suspects that it will likely be exhausting to measure the precise financial influence that the potash tariff may have on farmers as a result of it’s combined into fertilizers in various quantities and a few crops want it greater than others. Bob Hemesath, an Iowa corn grower, stated the tariff will harm all kinds of farmers, provided that potash is a key nutrient for all crops. “The 10 percent [tariff] on potash is not good for the ag space or for farming, because it just adds another expense to our already high input costs,” stated Hemesath, who can also be a board member of the Nationwide Corn Growers Affiliation, a commerce group.

Different farmers agreed. “It certainly seems to me that Trump is clueless about agricultural policy and how food is produced in this country,” stated Wes Gillingham, board president of the Northeast Natural Farming Affiliation of New York.

It’s additionally potential that making it costlier for U.S. farmers to entry fertilizer might have a adverse influence on soil well being, which in flip can decide whether or not soil shops carbon or releases it into the environment. Analysis reveals that potassium performs a task in serving to crops grow to be extra resilient towards ailments. Gillingham worries that if farmers attempt to “skimp” on potash, they might attempt to overcompensate through the use of extra fungicides and pesticides, which may kill microbes that hold soil wholesome.

These pest killers aren’t an alternative to crops getting all of the vitamins they want, however they might assist farmers sustain their crop yields. If the tariffs stick round, it might “push farmers to use less optimal fertilizers or deplete soil health over time,” Mark Schonbeck, a senior analysis affiliate on the Natural Farming Analysis Basis, stated over electronic mail.

Hemesath disagreed that farmers shall be extra probably to make use of pesticides, which he stated “will not help in replacing potash or any fertilizer.” However he added that if the tariffs are nonetheless in place subsequent yr, many corn farmers should resolve whether or not to make do with much less fertilizer or just to eat the upper value of potash.

One other chance is for corn growers to undertake extra environmentally pleasant agriculture practices to reduce their want for potash. Michael Happ, this system affiliate for local weather and rural communities on the Institute for Agriculture and Commerce Coverage, stated he has heard from large-scale commodity growers who’re taken with studying about regenerative agriculture. Normally, regenerative agriculture advocates advise farmers to ditch industrial fertilizer and swap to utilizing compost or animal manure to maintain crops wholesome. Different regenerative methods — like no-till farming, crop rotation, or the usage of cowl crops — assist carbon and different plant vitamins keep within the floor.

However the worth hike on potash comes at a time when the Trump administration is making it more durable for farmers to change to natural — by erasing USDA webpages that contained info on easy methods to entry funding and technical help for these shifts. Final month, Gillingham’s group and two environmental teams sued the USDA over this information purge.

“He’s taking away the information, taking away the funding and support for not having to depend on potash imports, and then he’s raising the price of the imports,” stated Gillingham. “There’s an irony.”

Happ, from the Institute for Agriculture and Commerce Coverage, stated Trump’s assaults on federal employees have additionally impacted farmers. The USDA fired practically 6,000 probationary workers final month, although the company has since been ordered to reinstate the terminated employees for not less than 45 days. Trump’s administration can also be seeking to shut down 59 native workplaces of the Nationwide Sources Conservation Service and Farm Service Company — two USDA sub-agencies that present technical and monetary help to farmers — based on the agricultural publication AgDaily.

“This is the time where we need lots of expertise and local National Resources Conservation Service officers,” stated Happ. “The fact that a lot of these local USDA employees are being fired, and a lot of the local offices are being closed up, it’s happening at the exact wrong time.”

Wooden, from the Nature Conservancy, identified that large-scale farmers could also be finest positioned to climate tariff-related worth shocks and a lack of USDA sources, as a result of they have an inclination to have extra capital. However Colin Carter, an agricultural economist on the College of California, Davis, stated altogether, current Trump insurance policies will probably make issues more durable for farms of all sizes.

”It’s going to be harder for the small farmer, the household farmer, the natural farmer, and the massive farmers,” stated Carter. “It’s just across the board. I don’t see any winners here.”

This text initially appeared in Grist at https://grist.org/food-and-agriculture/trump-tariffs-potash-fertilizer-corn-tomatoes-soil-health-environment/.

Grist is a nonprofit, impartial media group devoted to telling tales of local weather options and a simply future. Study extra at Grist.org

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