Why Are Migrants Dying Attempting to Cross Into the US? These Are the three Primary Dangers They Face

By Marni LaFleur, College of San Diego

President Donald Trump closed a lot of the exercise on the U.S.-Mexico border in January 2025, making it unattainable for migrants who arrive at a U.S. port of entry to use for asylum. Trump’s border insurance policies are more likely to make it far harder and harmful for migrants attempting to achieve the U.S. – however gained’t deter all individuals who wish to cross the U.S.-Mexico border with out authorized authorization.

The variety of migrants crossing from Mexico into the U.S. with out authorized authorization dropped dramatically in 2024. However for a very long time, crossing the U.S.-Mexico border by land has been the world’s deadliest migration route.

U.S. Customs and Border Safety recovered the stays of 10,784 migrants from 1988 by way of 2024.

This determine is an estimate of the full variety of migrants who’ve died attempting to cross from Mexico into the U.S. – there is no such thing as a centralized system or group that tracks migrant deaths, or any federal legal guidelines guiding authorities on easy methods to handle the stays of migrants.

Many different useless migrants are additionally by no means discovered.

I’m a professor of anthropology and have spent the previous a number of years attempting to know how and why migrants die attempting to enter the U.S.

Stranded migrants who are actually staying in Mexican border cities and others with plans to nonetheless attempt to illegally cross into the U.S. may pursue more and more harmful methods to enter the nation.

Analysis reveals that there are three predominant the reason why migrants die attempting to achieve the U.S. from Mexico. First, migrants are sometimes uncovered to excessive climate situations. Second, they drown in rivers or different our bodies of water. Third, they might additionally expertise blunt pressure trauma due to falls or motorcar accidents.

Environmental publicity is widespread and harmful

Migrants coming from Central and South America typically journey to the U.S. in teams, usually with the assistance of a information, known as a coyote, they pay to assist them.

They might spend days or even weeks strolling by way of distant areas with out entry to shelter or contemporary meals and clear water. They may sleep outdoor in very chilly climate and stroll throughout excessive warmth. This will trigger hypothermia or hyperthermia.

A type of distant areas is the Sonoran Desert, which spans the southwest U.S. into northwest Mexico. It’s divided by the U.S.-Mexico border and is without doubt one of the hottest locations on Earth. Ambient temperatures can soar to or above 118 levels Fahrenheit, or 48 levels Celsius.

As a part of the technique to cease migrants from coming to the U.S., Customs and Border Safety doesn’t place many officers within the depths of the desert alongside the border. The federal government’s 1994 migration “prevention through deterrence” technique explains that as a result of the desert itself poses mortal hazard to people, it’s pointless to protect the land.

With border limitations, video surveillance, brilliant lights and lots of patrol brokers nearer to extra populated areas alongside the U.S.-Mexico border, migrants can view the desert as a viable various for coming into the U.S. Deterrent practices have been discovered to not cease migrants from attempting to enter the U.S., however they do improve the variety of migrants who die attempting to take action.

Even migrants who’re close to assist or are rescued from the desert might not get better from publicity to excessive temperatures. In 2023, for instance, a 9-year-old migrant boy died from organ failure after authorities discovered him alongside the Arizona border.

Drowning poses one other danger

Drowning is one other main reason for demise for migrants attempting to achieve the U.S.

In California, for instance, the 82-mile-long All-American Canal runs parallel to the U.S.-Mexico border. Though the canal doesn’t look notably harmful, it’s deep, chilly, fast-moving and has steep concrete edges which are tough to scale. Migrants won’t be capable to swim, or others, notably girls and youngsters, are usually not sturdy sufficient to face up to the pressure of the currents.

Areas of the Rio Grande, a river that divides the U.S. and Mexico in some areas of Texas, have develop into sizzling spots for migrant drownings. Roughly 1,107 migrants died attempting to cross this river between 2017 to 2023. The river is quick and deep and is full of rocks and heavy vegetation that make crossing tough.

Moreover, in an effort to additional deter migrant crossing at Eagle Go, an space of the Rio Grande, the Texas Nationwide Guard put in greater than 100 miles of razor wire alongside the river’s banks in 2024. They arrange a big string of outsized orange buoys within the water, creating what the federal authorities known as a navigation obstruction for migrants.

These ways have sparked bigger debates on easy methods to deal with migration, and which authorities company is liable for stopping individuals from crossing into the nation, or apprehending them once they achieve this.

In 2024, a Mexican girl and her two kids tried to cross the Rio Grande however struggled to take action. As Customs and Border Safety brokers ready to rescue the distressed and drowning people, the Texas Nationwide Guard prevented rescue makes an attempt. The household died from drowning, and their our bodies had been later recovered.

Blunt pressure trauma

One other main reason for demise of migrants is falling from heights or experiencing automotive accidents.

On the California border area alone, roughly 20% of migrant deaths had been as a consequence of blunt pressure trauma between 2018 by way of 2023. This fee rose after the 2020 growth of the border wall, which now spans 741 miles of the U.S.-Mexico border. In whole, the border is sort of 2,000 miles.

In a single incident in Texas in 2020, a pregnant 19-year-old Guatemalan girl died after falling from the border wall, which ranges from 18 to 30 ft. Medical authorities had been unable to avoid wasting the fetus.

In Texas, between 2021 and 2023, high-speed chases by immigration officers led to the deaths of 74 individuals. Some people had been ejected from transferring autos, whereas others had been hit by fast-moving autos. One other notably lethal accident occurred in 2021 in Holtville, California, when an SUV transporting 25 migrants collided with a semitruck. 13 migrants had been killed.

‘Prevention through deterrence’

For greater than 30 years, the U.S. authorities has tried to stop migrants from reaching the U.S. by way of completely different methods, like deploying Border Patrol brokers or constructing partitions.

There are lots of sensible and policy-based interventions that might make it safer for migrants to cross by way of the U.S. and Mexico deserts. For instance, water stations alongside identified migration routes of the desert save lives.

No matter how the Trump administration tries to cease migrants from reaching the U.S., individuals will seemingly nonetheless attempt to come and embark on unsafe journeys to take action – and I’ll proceed to trace their experiences and deaths.

Marni LaFleur, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, College of San Diego

This text is republished from The Dialog beneath a Artistic Commons license. Learn the unique article.

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Beforehand Revealed on theconversation.com with Artistic Commons License

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